A horseshoe crab rests on a wet, sandy beach as gentle ocean foam washes around its smooth, brown dome-shaped shell. Its long, pointed tail extends straight back onto the sand, and small spikes are visible along the rear edge of its carapace.
Marine ScienceMinute
With Florida Sea Grant
Marine Science Minute

Episode 46 – Horseshoe Crabs


Horseshoe crab on the beach
Marine Science Minute with Florida Sea Grant
Episode 46 - Horseshoe Crabs
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Today on Marine Science Minute with Florida Sea Grant: Horseshoe Crabs 

A horseshoe crab sits submerged in shallow, murky water surrounded by tall green marsh grass. The smooth, rounded shell of the crab is partially visible just beneath the water's surface, with several small white barnacles attached to its back. Thick blades of grass frame the creature on the left and bottom of the image, while the muddy water ripples slightly around it.

Horseshoe crabs are “living fossils,” existing unchanged for at least 445 million years. 

A yellow, weathered sign mounted on a white wooden post sits on a sandy beach, reading "PROTECT Horseshoe Crabs" above a black silhouette of a horseshoe crab. Below the silhouette, the sign states "Nesting Beach March 1-July 1," followed by a prominent "CAUTION" heading and the instructions "Approach Slowly" and "Do Not Disturb." In the background, people are relaxing on the sand, palm trees stand under a clear blue sky, and a parking lot with vehicles borders the waterfront.

They are ecologically important in our coastal environments, as their eggs are a major food source for migrating shorebirds. Horseshoe crabs gather in large groups on beaches when they nest, which in Florida takes place in the spring and fall.  

Unfortunately, horseshoe crab numbers are declining.  

How can you help horseshoe crabs? You can report tagged horseshoe crabs you see or get involved in surveying through the Florida Horseshoe Crab Watch citizen science program.  

In addition, if you find a horseshoe crab stranded upside down, gently flip it over by its shell – never grab them by the tail.  

Savanna Barry wearing a blue Sea Grant Florida cap and long-sleeved shirt kneels on a sandy beach shore, writing on a clipboard while observing a small horseshoe crab at the water's edge. The shallow water gently laps onto the sand near her bare feet, with multi-story coastal buildings and a clear blue sky visible in the background.

For information about this and other coastal topics, contact your county extension office or visit Florida Sea Grant at flseagrant.org. 

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