References

Apeitos, A., J. Lotz, J. Ogle, J. Lemus, 2004. The effect of diet on fecundity of Acartia tonsa, a calanoid copepod. The Journal of the Mississippi Academy of Sciences, 49:94.

Evjemo, J.O., K.I. Reitan and Y. Olsen. 2004. Copepods as live food organisms in the rearing of Atlantic halibut larvae ( Hippoglossus hippoglossus L.) with special emphasis on nutritional value. Aquaculture 227(1-4):191-211.

Keller, M., W. Bellows, R. Guillard, 1988. Microwave treatment for sterilization of phytoplankton culture media. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 117(3):279-283.

Kraul, S., H. Ako, A. Nelson, K. Brittain, and A. Ogasawara. 1992. Evaluation of live feeds for larval and postlarval mahimahi, Coryphaena hippurus. Journal of the World Aquaculture Society 23(4): 299–306.

Lee, C.S., P. O’Bryen, N.H. Marcus, 2005. Copepods in Aquaculture. Blackwell Publishing, New York.

Mauchline, J., 1998. The Biology of Calanoid Copepods (Advances in Marine Biology, Vol. 33) Elsevier Academic Press, New York. pp 710.

Parrish, K., Wilson, D., 1978. Fecundity studies on Acartia tonsa (Copepoda: Calanoida) in standardized culture. Marine Biology 46: 65-81.

Payne, M.F. and R.J. Rippingale. 2000. Rearing West Australian seahorse, Hippocampus subelongatus, juveniles on copepod nauplii and enriched Artemia. Aquaculture 188(3-4):353-361.

Petipa, T.S., 1959. Feeding of the Copepod Acartia clausi (Giesbrecht). Proceedings of the USSR AS Sevastopol Biological Station, Vol. 11:72-79.

Sabatini , M.E. , 1990. The Developmental Stages (Copepodids I to VI) of Acartia tonsa Danae, 1849 (Copepoda, Calanoida). Crustaceana 59(1): 53-61.

Sargent J.R., McEvoy L.A., J.G. Bell, 1997. Requirements, presentation and sources of polyunsaturated fatty acid in marine fish larval feeds. Aquaculture 155:117-127.

Sazhina, L.I., 1987. Reproduction, Growth, Production of Marine Copepods. Naukova Dumka, Kiev. pp 156.

Sazhina, L.I., 1971. Fecundity of mass pelagic copepoda of the black sea. Journal of Zoology 4:586-589.

Schipp, G.R., J.M. P. Bosmans and A. Marshall. 1999. A method for hatchery culture of tropical calanoid copepods, Acartia spp. Aquaculture 174(1-2):81-88.

Shields, R.J., J.G. Bell, F.S. Luizi, B. Gara, N.R. Bromage and J.R. Sargent. 1999. Natural copepods are superior to enriched Artemia nauplii as feed for halibut larvae (Hippoglossus hippoglossus) in terms of survival, pigmentation, and retinal morphology: relation to dietary essential fatty acids. Journal of Nutrition 129:1186-1194.

Støttrup, J. 2000. The elusive copepods: their production and suitability in marine aquaculture. Aquaculture Research 31(8-9):703-711.

Støttrup, J.G. and N.H. Norsker. 1997. Production and use of copepods in marine fish larviculture. Aquaculture 155(1-4):235-251.

Støttrup, J., K. Richardson, B. Kirkegaard, and N.J. Pihl. 1986. The cultivation of Acartia tonsa Dana for use as a live food source for marine fish larvae. Aquaculture 52(2):87-96.

Watanabe, T., C. Kitajima, and S. Fujita. 1983. Nutritional values of live organisms used in Japan for mass propagation of fish: a review. Aquaculture 34(1-2):115-143.

Wilcox, J.A., P. Tracy, and N.H.Marcus. 2006. Improving Live Feeds: effect of a mixed diet of copepod nauplii and rotifers on the survival and growth of first-feeding larvae of the Southern flounder, Paralichthys lethostigma. Journal of the World Aquaculture Society, Vol. 37(1).

Selected Additional Readings

Chen, F. and N. H. Marcus. 1997. Subitaneous, diapause, and delayed-hatching eggs of planktonic copepods from the northern Gulf of Mexico: morphology and hatching success. Marine Biology 127:587-598.

Doi, M., T. Singhagraiwan, S. Singhagraiwan and A. Ohno. 1994. An investigation of copepods being applied as initial food organisms for red snapper larvae. Thai Marine Fisheries Research Bulletin 5:21-26.

Hussain, N.A. and M. Higuchi. 1980. Larval rearing and development of the brown spotted grouper, Epinephelus tauvina (Forskål). Aquaculture 19(4):339-350.

Jung, T. and C. Clemmesen. 1997. Effect of different food organisms on the development and nutritional condition of cod larvae ( Gadus morhua L.) in laboratory rearing experiments. Ichthyoplankton Ecology: 24-25. Fisheries Society of the British Isles.

Marcus, N.H. and R. Lutz. 1998b. Longevity of subitaneous and diapause eggs of Centropages hamatus (Copepoda:Calanoida) from the northern Gulf of Mexico. Marine Biology 131: 249-257.

Marcus, N.H. and M. Murray, 2001. Copepod diapause eggs: A potential source of nauplii for aquaculture. Aquaculture 201:107-115.

Murray, M.M., Marcus, N.H., 2001.Survival and diapause egg production of the copepod Centropages hamatus raised on dinoflagellate diets. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 270: 39-56.

Payne, M.F., R.J. Rippingale and J. J. Cleary. 2001. Cultured copepods as food for West Australian dhufish ( Glaucosoma hebraicum) and pink snapper ( Pagrus auratus) larvae. Aquaculture 194(1-2):137-150.

Rønnestad, I., S. Helland and Ø. Lie. 1998. Feeding Artemia to larvae of Atlantic halibut ( Hippoglossus hippoglossus L.) results in lower larval vitamin A content compared with feeding copepods. Aquaculture 165(1-2):159-164.

Toledo, J.D., M.S. Golez, M. Doi and A. Ohno. 1999. Use of copepod nauplii during early feeding stage of grouper, Epinephelus coioides. Fisheries Science 65(3):390-397.